How ABA Therapy Works: An In-Depth Look

ABA therapy may seem confusing and complicated on the surface, but at its core, it is rooted in the basic principles of how we learn best. Taking a closer look at these applied behavior analysis fundamentals provides clarity.

The ABCs of ABA

• A = Antecedent: This refers to anything that occurs before a target behavior - the surrounding settings, context, instructions, etc. Therapists design antecedents to prompt desired skills.

• B = Behavior: Any observable action a person displays, whether physical actions, facial expressions, sounds, etc. In ABA, target behaviors are precisely defined, tracked, and shaped.

• C = Consequence: This is what occurs immediately after a behavior. In ABA, preferred consequences (positive reinforcement) are intentionally delivered to increase the likelihood of the target behavior recurring.

Comprehensive Assessment

Before customizing an ABA plan, therapists conduct thorough assessments to understand the function of a child's behaviors (getting needs met, avoiding demands, etc.) Through careful data analysis, they develop individualized approaches.

Antecedent Strategies

Since behaviors are influenced by what comes before them, ABA emphasizes structuring antecedents like changing physical environments, providing visual prompts, using alternative communication strategies, and embedding child preferences.

Reinforcement Principles

ABA focuses on systematically delivering reinforcement - any consequence that increases the future frequency of a behavior when it's presented after that behavior occurs. Positive reinforcement is most effective.